State Aid in Football: Fall-Out From the General Court’s Judgments in the Valencia and Elche Appeals

Modern football creates unprecedented investment pressures on clubs, which leave them exposed to high levels of financial risk. This risk is often diluted by supporting measures introduced by government authorities. An increase in such State involvement has prompted the European Commission to extend State aids policy into the world of football over the past decade. This culminated recently in successful appeals by three Spanish football clubs before the General Court against a 2016 Commission De