Store Format and Buyer Power in Grocery Retail Competition

Competition in grocery retail is not only about the pricing, quantity, and variety of goods offered for sale to consumers. Importantly, it also has to do with format — size, configuration, locations, physical vs. online, fulfillment and payment mechanisms, to name a few aspects. Manufacturers, producers, and wholesalers that supply goods to grocery retailers understand and appreciate the significant role that format plays in attracting, reaching, and persuading consumers. Accordingly, the mark