A PYMNTS Company

Directed Search and the Bertrand Paradox

By  |  November 20, 2012

Posted by D. Daniel Sokol

Athanasios Geromichalos (Department of Economics, University of California Davis) addresses Directed Search and the Bertrand Paradox

ABSTRACT: I study a directed search model of oligopolistic competition, extended to incorporate general capacity constraints, congestion effects, and pricing based on ex-post realized demand. I show that as long as any one of these ingredients is present, the Bertrand paradox will fail to hold. Hence, I argue that, despite the emphasis that has been placed by the literature on sellers’ capacity constraints as a resolution to the paradox, the existence of such constraints is only a subcase of a general class of environments where the paradox fails. More precisely, Bertrand’s paradox will not arise whenever the buyers’ expected utility from visiting a specific seller is decreasing in that seller’s realized demand.