PYMNTS introduced a survey to a census-balanced panel of 2,128 U.S. consumers on Friday, March 6.
Our goal was to determine a baseline for consumers’ sentiments and behaviors regarding the COVID-19 outbreak that first week across a number of activities that represent the five cornerstones of our connected economy: how people shop, work, spend their leisure time, travel and eat — while they still had complete control over which activities they could and could not do.
The situation has dramatically changed since then, with a slew of new travel restrictions and complete bans on gatherings now in effect. Even before these new behavioral restrictions were introduced, however, our survey showed that consumers had voluntarily begun changing their daily routines.
This is what we learned about how the COVID-19 outbreak had affected their lives until that point.
Eighty-five percent of the population was at least “slightly” concerned about the COVID-19 pandemic, with bridge millennials expressing the most concern.
The majority of consumers were worried about the dangers posed by the COVID-19 pandemic in early March, though to varying degrees. Our research shows that 36.9 percent were “very” or “extremely” worried, while 48.4 percent were “somewhat” or “slightly” concerned about it. Only 14.7 percent said they were not at all concerned.
Consumers’ concerns over the virus also appeared to vary based on their ages, with bridge millennials expressing the highest levels of concern. Our survey shows that 44.1 percent of bridge millennials — consumers ages 32 to 41 — were either “very” or “extremely” concerned about COVID-19. This compares to 41.3 percent of millennials and 37.4 percent of Gen X who said the same. Baby boomers and seniors were the least worried of all, with just 32.9 percent saying they were “very” or “extremely” concerned about the outbreak.
Two-thirds of consumers believed the media’s depiction of the COVID-19 pandemic made it look worse than it was.
Most U.S. consumers did not trust the news coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic in early March. Our survey shows that 65.7 percent of consumers believed that media coverage of the outbreak made it look at least “somewhat” more serious than it was at that point, while 26 percent believed it was “accurate.” Consumers have had much more confidence in the World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) depiction of the pandemic, even though a large portion are still very skeptical. Our research shows that 45.5 percent of consumers believed that the WHO’s COVID-19 coverage exaggerated the outbreak’s dangerousness, while 44.8 percent said they believed the WHO’s coverage was “accurate.”
Concern about the pandemic was highest among consumers who believed the media was making it look less serious than it was.
In early March, most consumers believed the media’s depictions of the pandemic made it look worse than it was, but a minority believed the depictions understated the threat — and this minority was the most concerned group of all. Our research shows that 76.4 percent of consumers who believed the media made it look better than it was were “very” or “extremely” concerned, compared to just 12.3 percent who of those who believed the media made it look “somewhat” worse than it was. We also found that 18 percent of consumers who believed the media’s depiction of the pandemic made it look much worse than it was said they were either “very” or “extremely” concerned about the virus.
Low-income consumers were the most concerned about COVID-19.
We found that low-income consumers were the most worried about the pandemic, with 39.3 percent of those earning less than $50,000 per year saying they were “very” or “extremely” concerned about it. This compares to 34.8 percent of mid-income consumers and 36.8 percent of high-income consumers who said the same. Mid- and high-income consumers were more likely to be either unconcerned, slightly concerned or somewhat concerned — but only by small margins. We found that 25.8 percent and 25.9 percent of high-income and mid-income consumers were “somewhat” concerned about it, respectively, compared to 25.1 percent of low-income consumers who said the same.
Consumers flocked to activities that did not require groups or crowds.
Consumers expressed widespread skepticism of COVID-19 media coverage in early March, but most were still going out of their way to avoid large crowds. The biggest changes in consumers’ behaviors were witnessed in traveling, dining at restaurants and using public transportation systems. Our research shows that 43.8 percent of consumers said they were traveling for personal reasons less often than they had before the outbreak, while 49.4 percent said they were traveling internationally for personal reasons less often. We also found that 35.3 percent and 35.9 percent of consumers said they were dining at quick-service restaurants (QSRs) and sit-down restaurants less often than they had before the outbreak, respectively.
The only activities consumers reported doing more frequently than before the outbreak were those they could do on their own. More consumers began working remotely after the outbreak, with 18.4 percent saying they were working from home more often. We also saw an increase in the share of consumers who were shopping online. According to our survey, 19.1 percent and 17.2 percent of consumers said they were shopping online and via mobile devices more often than before the outbreak, respectively, as of March 6.
Consumers were more concerned about staying in small hotels and other peoples’ homes than they were about lodging at larger, brand-name establishments.
The idea of staying in smaller, boutique hotels or in other peoples’ homes — as they might through services such as Airbnb — worried consumers more than the idea of staying at brand-name hotel chains during the pandemic. Consumers most commonly said they were “somewhat” concerned about all three types of accommodations, with 41.4 percent, 36.2 percent and 38.3 percent expressing this level of concern about staying in large hotel chains, homeshares and boutique hotels, respectively.
Most consumers said that a COVID-19 vaccine — not deep discounts — would get them traveling again.
Asked about what would be required to make them to feel comfortable traveling as they had before the pandemic, most consumers said they would wait until the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) said it was safe. Even consumers who were only “somewhat” or “slightly” concerned about the virus were more likely than not to say that having the CDC declare travel to be safe would make them more inclined to resume their trips. Our research shows that 69.7 percent of “somewhat” concerned and 71 percent of “slightly” concerned consumers would travel again if the CDC told them it was safe.
Almost as many consumers said they would travel again if they could be assured that the virus’s infection rate had decreased or if there were a vaccine for it. In fact, 68.1 percent of “somewhat” concerned and 69.1 percent of “slightly” concerned consumers said they would fly again if they heard there had been a decrease in the share of consumers infected with COVID-19. We also found that 68.9 percent of “somewhat” concerned and 59.3 percent of “slightly” concerned consumers said they would travel again if a vaccine for the virus had been created.
Far fewer consumers said lowering the cost of airfare or lodging would entice them to travel again, however. Our research determined that only 16.8 percent of “somewhat” and 14.4 percent of “slightly” concerned consumers said cheaper airfare and hotel costs would make them want to travel again during the outbreak.
Bridge millennials and high-income consumers turned to mobile commerce.
Brick-and-mortar retail has been hit hard by the pandemic, but online and mobile shopping have seen boosts. Our research shows that consumers were shopping in brick-and-mortar stores 28.3 percent less than they did before the outbreak began, while the share who reported shopping online increased 10.5 percent as of March 6. More consumers were shopping via mobile, as well, with the share saying they shopped on their phones more than they did previously increasing 7.7 percent.
Consumers’ likelihood of shopping in stores and online varied by generation, however. Bridge millennials were more likely than consumers of most other generations to say they had cut back on in-store shopping and increased their mobile shopping, for example, with the share shopping in stores having dropped 29.4 percent and the share shopping via mobile having increased 12.4 percent. This compares to just 25.6 percent and 13.6 percent of millennials who said the same, respectively.
Low-income consumers also avoided shopping in stores, with the share doing so decreasing 32.5 percent after the pandemic began. Consumers in this income bracket were also more inclined to shop online than in stores, with the share doing so having increased 8.9 percent. This compared to an overall increase of 14.1 percent in the share of high-income consumers shopping online and a 27.7 percent decrease in the portion of high-income consumers who shopped in stores less often.
Consumers were also dining in more and eating out less, regardless of their level of concern.
The share of consumers who were eating at QSRs, dine-in restaurants and even ordering via mobile-order ahead or through food aggregators decreased across the board after the pandemic began. This was true even among consumers who were only “somewhat” or “slightly” concerned about the danger such activities presented. Among consumers who were “somewhat” concerned about COVID-19, 32.5 percent were eating at QSRs and 35.6 percent were eating at dine-in restaurants less often than they did before. We also found that 22.1 percent and 23.1 percent of “somewhat” concerned consumers said they used mobile order-ahead apps and food aggregator services like Uber Eats less often than before the out- break, respectively.
“Slightly” concerned consumers were cutting back on restaurants and takeout, as well — just to lesser degrees. Our research shows that 15.9 percent of “slightly” concerned consumers were eating at QSRs less often, while 15.8 percent were eating at dine-in restaurants less often than they did before the outbreak. We also found that 9.7 percent and 14.9 percent of “slightly” concerned consumers used mobile-order ahead and aggregator services less often, respectively.
Takeout, mobile order-ahead and in-restaurant dining were down across all demographics but particularly among bridge millennials and low-income consumers.
Consumers of all stripes were making food at home and eating in after the outbreak began, and this was most true among bridge millennials and low-income consumers. Bridge millennials were among the most likely age groups to de-crease their use of all dine-in and order-out services. Our research shows that their usage of aggregators, mobile order-ahead apps and dine-in restaurants was down 21.8 percent, 18.1 percent and 35.5 percent, respectively. Their usage of QSRs was down by 34.9 percent.
The lower consumers’ incomes were, the likelier they were to cut down on order-in and dine-in services. The share of consumers in the lowest income bracket using online aggregators dropped 25.7 percent, and the portion using mobile order-ahead services decreased 17.3 percent. Low-income consumers’ likelihood of dining at full-service restaurants decreased by 37.3 percent — the biggest change in eating behavior we saw for any group.
More consumers were also working from home and cancelling leisurely activities.
Consumers across the board were engaging in fewer professional and leisure activities than they did before the pandemic, including working at their offices and attending sporting events. Our research shows that 17.3 percent of “somewhat” concerned consumers and 8.9 percent of their “slightly” concerned counterparts were working from home more often than they did before the outbreak. We also found that 27.7 percent of “somewhat” concerned consumers and 16 percent of “slightly” concerned ones were attending business conferences less often than before the outbreak, though it was unclear whether this was because they chose not to go or the events were canceled.
Consumers were also taking part in leisure activities less frequently after the outbreak. The share of “somewhat” concerned consumers who were attending concerts and sporting events and concerts was down 35.2 percent and 30.8 percent, respectively. These shares were down 14 and 9.4 percent among “slightly” concerned consumers, respectively.
Ridesharing was down for all demographics but less so for bridge millennials and mid- and high-income consumers.
Uber, Lyft and public transportation use were down across the board, but some demographics cut back more than others. Gen X and Gen Z consumers cut back the most on using Uber, Lyft and taxi services, for example. Gen X consumers’ use of rideshares and taxis decreased 38.7 percent, compared to 43.3 percent for Gen Z. Bridge millennials were the least likely to decrease ridesharing and taxi use, at 29.2 percent.
Consumers’ income levels also appeared to correlate with their ridesharing usage. Our research shows that the share of low-income consumers who used rideshares dropped 44 percent, compared to 32.8 percent of high-income and 31.5 percent of mid-income consumers who said the same.
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